Three monitored event types
| Event | Engineering definition | Trigger |
|---|---|---|
| E1 Off-zone unloading | Cargo moves out of a vehicle while its unloading reference point is outside the approved zone | Unloading confirmed, position invalid and no active exemption |
| E2 Unauthorized pickup | A person establishes a stable carrying relationship with cargo without current task permission | Pickup confirmed and authorization state is not authorized |
| E3 Cargo-carrying exit | A person keeps carrying cargo and crosses the formal boundary from inside to outside | Outbound crossing while carrying remains valid in the event window |
Why a simple ROI rule is insufficient
An ROI or line-crossing rule only shows where an object is. It cannot establish whether a vehicle is actually unloading, whether a person has permission for the current job, or which item that person carries. Vehicles, people, cargo, zones, direction and work orders must be combined in a temporal state machine. Parking, opening a door, standing near cargo or crossing empty-handed is not by itself a formal alarm.
Processing architecture
- Synchronized video is collected from vehicle-overview, unloading-action, personnel-boundary and identity cameras.
- Detection and tracking produce vehicles, people, cargo, trolleys and persistent IDs.
- Vehicle position, unloading sequence, person-cargo association, face quality and dynamic authorization enter a joint rule engine.
- The state machine separates early warning, formal alarm, identity-not-confirmed and human review.
- The event service keeps images and video and connects through HTTP, MQTT, WebSocket or relay outputs.
E1: unloading outside the approved zone
A tracked vehicle is positioned by a wheel-ground point, ground projection or an agreed rear or side unloading reference point. Parking and opening the cargo area create only a candidate state. Unloading is confirmed when cargo transfers from the vehicle to a person, trolley, ground or staging area. E1 is raised only when unloading is confirmed and the reference point is outside the approved zone.
E2: unauthorized cargo pickup
Identity and job authorization are separate. Recommended states are authorized, recognized but not authorized, unregistered, identity not confirmed and temporary exemption. Masks, helmets, rear views, distance or poor lighting should produce identity not confirmed and human review, not a forced stranger label. Face matching can be combined with badges, access cards, QR codes or WMS work orders.
E3: leaving the zone while carrying cargo
Person-cargo association uses hand and torso location, pose, distance, shared motion and track history. A person approaching an inner warning line while carrying can receive an early warning. E3 is created when the person's foot point crosses outward through the formal boundary and carrying remains valid. Short misses retain limited history; severe occlusion or handover is marked uncertain.
Camera roles and site conditions
| Role | Primary task | Key condition |
|---|---|---|
| C1 Vehicle overview | Vehicle position and approved zone | See wheels or the agreed unloading point |
| C2 Unloading action | Cargo opening and transfer path | Avoid persistent obstruction by body, columns or stacks |
| C3 Person-cargo boundary | Warning, outbound crossing and evidence | Keep a visible buffer beyond the boundary |
| C4 Identity capture | Frontal face quality and badge or code support | Place on a natural passage with stable lighting |
A single dock is expected to use two to four role-specific cameras; simple sites may combine C1 to C3. A high, wide-angle view should not be treated as a reliable long-range identity camera. Final camera count and resolution depend on a site survey and original streams.
Jetson edge deployment and interfaces
The candidate pipeline uses DeepStream for decoding, inference, tracking, ROI and line-crossing metadata, TensorRT for vehicle, person, cargo, face-quality or temporal models, and custom modules for unloading action, authorization, person-cargo association and the joint state machine. Jetson Orin NX 16GB is only a P0 candidate; AGX Orin or an x86 GPU system must be selected from real streams and load tests.
Event evidence chain
Each event should retain camera, zone, type, time, vehicle position, anonymous person track, authorization state, cargo class, rule version, an annotated image and video before and after the event. Confirmation, false-alarm labels, reviewer decisions and actions belong in the audit chain. The system reports operational exceptions; it does not determine theft intent, cargo ownership or legal liability.
P0 field-validation plan
P0 requires a site layout, original day and night streams, vehicle and unloading directions, cargo and handling methods, authorization rules, normal and controlled abnormal samples, and alarm interfaces. Vehicle-position plus unloading, unauthorized pickup, cargo-carrying exit and target-device load are measured separately. Precision, Recall, latency, identity-not-confirmed rate, scenario coverage and 72-hour operating conditions are frozen only after testing. No field measurements are currently published.
Face and video data safeguards
Video, face and license-plate processing should follow purpose limitation, data minimization, visible notice, access control, short retention and auditability. Face recognition should not be the only identity method when cards, codes or work orders can meet the need. Decisions with material impact on personnel require recorded evidence, human review and an appeal path. The customer must assess the rules applicable to the actual site.
Current limits and required inputs
The design does not promise identity from one high wide-angle camera, arbitrary cargo or vehicle coverage, or treating parking as unloading. Physical blocking requires external gates or access control and a separate fire and personal-safety review. The next step needs site drawings, raw video, object lists, the authorization source, exemptions, interfaces and measurable acceptance thresholds.
Frequently asked questions
Has this case already been deployed on site?
No. Requirements engineering, architecture, limits and the P0 plan are complete; field performance, hardware and acceptance metrics still require real data.
Why is an electronic fence not enough?
A fence gives position only. The project must also confirm unloading action, person-cargo association, travel direction and current job authorization.
Can the system say that a stranger is stealing cargo?
No. It can report identity match quality, authorization state and pickup action. It does not determine intent or legal responsibility.
Is face recognition mandatory?
No. Badges, access cards, QR codes, work orders and human review can be used, and multiple methods are preferable for higher-value cargo.
What is needed to start P0?
A site layout, original streams, vehicle and cargo lists, handling methods, authorization rules, normal and abnormal samples, interfaces and acceptance requirements.
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